Where does this word come from ?
The term pirate has its origins in the ancient Greek language. It derives from the Greek word πειρατής (peiratēs), meaning one who tempts or one who attacks. The word itself derives from the Greek verb πειράω (peiraō), meaning to try or to tempt. Attested as far back as Cicero, who used the term praedo maritimus, pirates were considered common enemies of all (communis hostis omnium) because they fell outside the usual categories of law.
In the Middle Ages, the term was adopted in Latin in the form pirata, and then transformed into French to refer specifically to sea bandits specialized in robbing merchant ships. In parallel, the French term forban, synonymous with pirate, appeared. It comes from the contraction of fors and ban, meaning outside the law.
It's fascinating to see how the term pirate has evolved. Originally, it simply referred to someone who tempted or attacked, without specificity. Later, it became more specific, referring to sea bandits who plundered merchant ships. Today, it has broadened its meaning to include not only maritime attacks, but also modern forms of piracy, such as computer piracy. Despite this evolution, the etymology of the word pirate reflects the idea of a daring quest for fortune, while illustrating its evolution from a general term to a more specific designation of sea bandits.